Transit-oriented development (TOD) has long been promoted as a sustainable urban planning strategy to address rapid urbanization, mobility efficiency, and carbon reduction. However, conventional TOD frameworks often insufficiently account for the growing impacts of climate change, particularly the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall and urban flooding. As cities face the dual challenges of greenhouse gas mitigation and climate adaptation, there is an urgent need to reframe TOD through the lens of flood resilience. This study proposes an integrated planning and design framework that systematically combines transit-oriented development with flood resilience (FR), explicitly addressing the interdependencies between mobility systems, land use patterns, and flood risk management. Key TOD and FR factors were first identified through an extensive literature review. Expert knowledge was then incorporated using a double-triangle fuzzy Delphi method to establish a comprehensive TOD–FR evaluation structure. Subsequently, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was employed to prioritize planning and design criteria under multiple development and flood-risk scenarios. An empirical case study was conducted in a typhoon-prone East Asian city where TOD principles have been partially adopted in routine flood management practices. By integrating local flood-risk typologies into the ANP-based evaluation, the study derives context-sensitive mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate-resilient urban development. The findings demonstrate how TOD can be strategically reconfigured to enhance urban flood resilience without compromising accessibility or transit efficiency. This research offers actionable insights for urban planners and public agencies and contributes to advancing socially responsive and climate-adaptive urban planning practices in rapidly urbanizing regions.

Authors:
Wann-Ming Wey, National Taipei University, Taiwan

About the Presenter(s)
Dr. Wann-Ming Wey is Professor (Full) and Dean, Department of Real Estate and Built Environment and International College of Sustainability Innovations (ICSI) at National Taipei University, Taiwan.

Connect on ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Wann-Ming-Wey

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