This study explores the iconographic differences in the depictions of Vishnu in the temples of the Chandela and Hoysala dynasties, focusing on how geography, material availability, and strict iconographic guidelines influenced their artistic expressions. The Chandela rulers, known for their resistance to early Muslim invasions until the 13th century, built temples in the Nagara style, while the Hoysala dynasty, which ruled parts of southern India around the same time (1100–1300 AD), followed the Dravida style. These two architectural traditions, shaped by their respective regional landscapes, cultural influences, and available materials, resulted in distinct artistic approaches to Vishnu’s depiction.

The Vishnu idols at Khajuraho, crafted in sandstone, reflect the Nagara style’s vertical composition, intricate carvings, and fluid sculptural detailing. These idols often depict elegant postures, elaborate ornamentation, and mythological narratives seamlessly integrated into temple walls. The figures are characterized by proportionate symmetry and stylized facial features, adhering to traditional iconographic texts. Meanwhile, the Chennakeshava Temple in Karnataka, constructed from soapstone, represents the Dravida style’s distinctive three-dimensional carvings, highly detailed jewelry, and dynamic postures, demonstrating a more intricate sculptural tradition. The softer nature of soapstone allowed for more elaborate embellishments, resulting in a heightened sense of realism and movement in the sculptures.

This research adopts a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating fieldwork and iconographic analysis to examine how regional factors shaped Vishnu’s representations in both traditions. By comparing these two artistic styles, the study offers a deeper understanding of the idol iconography, religious symbolism, and cultural diversity of the medieval Hindu temple idolatry.

Authors:
Tanima Chanda, Indian Institute of Technology, India
Aneesha Sharma, Indian Institute of Technology, India

About the Presenter(s)
Tanima Chanda is pursuing PhD at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. Her current research delves into the study of iconographic elements and their behavior in the traditional idolatry of Karnataka stone craft.

Connect on Linkedin
https://www.linkedin.com/in/tanima-c-a34096114/

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